Constipation is defined as difficulty having a bowel movement: either by decreased frequency (having fewer than three bowel movements per week), or by difficulty eliminating, such as excessive straining, spending long time on a toilet, etc. Persistent or new onset constipation should be evaluated by a gastroenterologist in order to make an accurate diagnosis, formulate an effective treatment plan, and to exclude a serious illness.
Frequently, mild constipation is a result of a low-fiber diet and sedentary lifestyle. It may also be caused by hormonal, endocrine, metabolic, central nervous system disorders, pregnancy, and various medications. However, a large percentage of people suffering from constipation have a functional primary disorder of their colon or rectum. These patients may benefit from a specialized gastrointestinal work-up that may include colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, anorectal manometry, smart pill test, colon transit study, and MRI defecography.
Mild constipation may be managed successfully with dietary and lifestyle changes (for instance, adequate fiber and fluid intake, and physical activity). More severe cases require use of laxatives, enemas, and other treatments. Some types of constipation may even be successfully treated by a special type of physical therapy called biofeedback.
