Indentations and pouches can form in your intestines. These are called diverticula and are generally harmless. The inflammation or infection of these pouches is called diverticulitis and is a serious condition. If left untreated, it can result in an obstruction or perforation of the intestine, conditions that may require surgery.
While diverticula are often painless and asymptomatic, diverticulitis symptoms can include:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Fever
- Cramping of the abdomen after a bowel movement
- Bright red blood in stool
The following tests are used to diagnose diverticulitis and to evaluate for possible complications it may cause:
- Physical exam by your physician
- CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis: a computerized tomography (CT) scan combines a series of X-ray images taken from different angles around the body and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images (slices) of the tissues of interest. These images can be used to evaluate gastrointestinal integrity and any abnormalities.
- Colonoscopy: A small, flexible tube with a camera is passed through the anus into the rectum and large intestine. Damage to the lining of these structures can be evaluated; and a small sample of tissue (biopsy) can be taken.
Treatment
Depending on the severity of diverticulitis, treatment options include:
- Diet modifications, including complete avoidance of oral food intake
- Antibiotics
- Antispasmodic drugs
- Surgery
